gTLD	Full Legal Name	E-mail suffix	Detail
.madrid	Comunidad de Madrid	madrid.org	View

The .MADRID TLD application is submitted by the Region of Madrid (Comunidad de Madrid), which is the Government of the region of Madrid region; analogous to the States in the Federal States of the USA) on behalf of, and for the Madrid community.

The following clauses (A), (B) and (C) describe the delineation of the Madrid community and corresponding policy principles of the .MADRID TLD.

(A) The Madrid community comprises individuals as citizens and legal entities with presence in the Region of Madrid. This territory comprises the 179 Municipalities, including the city of Madrid and its metropolitan area Madrid is the capital of Spain as established by art. 5 of the Spanish Constitution. A bona fide presence in the Madrid area may be determined by the following:

- residence in the Madrid area, or

- the pursuit of lawful business activities in the Madrid area, or

- the pursuit of cultural leisure, and sport activities in the Madrid area, or

- any other kind of direct or indirect presence that is generally accepted as legitimate for, and conducive to the welfare of, the Madrid area.

(B) Registration of domain names under the .MADRID TLD is restricted to members of the Madrid community and subject to the further requirement that the domain name registrant’s direct or indirect presence in the Madrid area and the registrant’s use of the domain name must be:

(1) of a kind that is generally accepted as legitimate and
(2) conducive to the welfare of the Madrid area and
(3) of commensurate quality to the role and importance of the respective domain name and
(4) based on good faith at the time of registration and thereafter.

(C) The government of the Region of Madrid, in relation to the requested .MADRID TLD, acts as the highest representative body for the Region of Madrid, as well as the representative of this community in dealings with other institutions of the Spanish state and its different administrative bodies, including the city of Madrid as state capital. In light of this, the full support of the Spanish Government has been obtained through the Secretary of State for Telecommunications, as well as for the Information Society and that of the city of Madrid, via its activities in the area of Economic Governance, Employment and Citizen Participation, with the common objective of establishing new channels for relationships based on good faith.



Answers to enumerated question points:

How the community is delineated from Internet users generally. Such descriptions may include, but are not limited to, the following: membership, registration, or licensing processes, operation in a particular industry, use of a language.

The Madrid community relates to the geographic area of the Region (Comunidad) of Madrid or the Madrid area, a described above. The Madrid area comprises the geographic urban areas of the city of Madrid. It is clearly recognizable by urban infrastructure, such as the local transport network in and around the City of Madrid. It also comprises 180 other municipalities of diverse size and character.

The delineation described under (A) above matches the reality of the Madrid community as it has existed since the advent of Madrid as a modern metropolis.

A Madrid community has existed for a long time. For as long as it has existed, those who belonged to it were those who had a bona fide presence in the urban area and its surroundings. With the advancement of civilization, new forms of presence (such as business or culture) have become generally accepted. A bona fide presence in the Madrid area may be direct or indirect, on the basis of domicile, activity, cultural links or any other constructive commitment to the Madrid area. It may be emanating from the area or be directed to the area.

Given the vast scope of a modern metropolitan community, and its surroundings, community membership always depends on context. This is why, for the purpose of domain registrations, the strength and quality of the registrant’s nexus must be commensurate to the role and importance of the domain name to the community.

In other words, a bona fide presence in the Madrid area (and thus community membership) is a necessary condition, NOT in itself a sufficient condition for the right to hold any imaginable .MADRID domain name. As the policy principles under (B) above description show, there are additional requirements specific to the intrinsic role and importance of the domain name in question. They concern in particular the nature of the registrant’s presence in the Madrid area and the registrant’s use of the domain name.

The wish to hold a .MADRID domain name is not in itself a sufficient indication of a bona fide presence in the Madrid area. Furthermore, if a person has been able to register a domain name in .MADRID, this does not in itself entitle that person to register any imaginable other .MADRID domain name.


How the community is structured and organized. For a community consisting of an alliance of groups, details about the constituent parts are required.

As any other modern metropolitan area, the Madrid community is organized to the highest degree. The Madrid area belongs to one single, highly integrated community. Because of if its importance and size, the community’s organization involves a number of public bodies and authorities on several levels (such as the Region, the Municipalities, and for the biggest among them, the Districts), treaties between public bodies, joint investments in public infrastructure companies, public-private partnerships, coordinated policies and legal frameworks that define the duties and prerogatives of each body. The public bodies are established by law and their representatives are democratically elected by universal suffrage. It goes without saying that private companies and cultural or welfare organizations also belong to the organization of the community.


When the community was established, including the date(s) of formal organization, if any, as well as a description of community activities to date.

The City of Madrid (and therefore the Greater Madrid Area) has existed as an organized community since Middle Age, having grown naturally over time. It has been the Court and then Capital of Spain since 1561.

The activities of the Madrid community are:
- the shared concerns and pursuits of the residents and stakeholders of the Madrid area (along with their organizations or public bodies)
- the shared use of the infrastructure and services of the Madrid area, such as transport, telecommunications, as well as culture, education, welfare and leisure,
- a strong focus for tourism, including leading role in cultural tourism (Madrid is the seat, for instance, of the World Tourism Organization).
- the role of the City of Madrid as capital of Spain.

The Madrid community includes extensive activities in the digital world specific to the Greater Madrid Community, both in the form of e-government services and public authorities’ contributions to the development of information society. The .MADRID TLD is designed to be directly related to the activities of the Madrid community, including fostering the use of electronic administration and promoting political and social participation.


The current estimated size of the community, both as to membership and geographic extent.

The population of the Madrid area is in the order of 7 million inhabitants. The geographic extension of the Madrid Region is at 8.021 square kilometers.

The Madrid Region comprises, beyond the City of Madrid, 179 Municipalities that can be found on www.madrid.org

gTLD	Full Legal Name	E-mail suffix	Detail
.ONG	Public Interest Registry	pir.org	View

Community Name and Full Description
Through this .ONG application, PIR is committed to serving the “NGO Community”.

This application accompanies PIR’s application for .NGO, with .ONG serving as a linguistic expression of “Non-Governmental Organization”. Linguistic expressions include French: “Organisation Non Gouvernementale”, Spanish: “Organización No Gubernamental”, and Portuguese: “Organizacao Nao Governamental.

Members include Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and NGO associations. NGOs are defined as organizations whose mission and activities are broadly centered on improving the human condition, and are non-governmental, non-profit and non-criminal. NGOs have created NGO associations that are global, regional, and national in scope to, as a community, face their common challenges and promote their common themes in a coherent fashion, across their diverse missions. For example, many NGO associations promote codes of conduct and self-regulation frameworks designed to reinforce their cohesion.[1]

The activities of NGOs have been conducted through international NGOs dating back to the 1830s and have evolved in scope to the present day to include well-established regional and national NGOs which have become household names.

This NGO Community is firmly established and clearly satisfies the criteria of delineation, organization, and pre-existence.[2]

Delineation
The NGO Community is global and comprised of individual NGOs and NGO associations.

Pre-Existing
The NGO Community has been active since well before 2007. Indeed, the origins of NGOs can be traced back to 1839.[3] NGOs were recognized in Article 71 of the United Nations (U.N.) Charter of 1945.[4] Since then, the NGO Community has become increasingly active and firmly established in its dealings with both governments and commercial organizations.

Organized
The global NGO Community certainly meets the criteria of “at least one entity mainly dedicated to the community with documented evidence of community activities.”[5] NGOs have themselves over time created numerous associations that organize and serve their NGO Community.[6] The diverse characteristics of NGOs are routinely recognized by non-NGO entities. For example, the European Commission, when interacting with the NGO Community, requires that they “respect [the] diversity and heterogeneity of the NGO community.”[7] Additionally, members of the NGO Community recognize themselves as part of a global NGO Community, and seek ways to collaborate at the local, regional, or global level.[8][6]

Extension
The following describes the “Extension” through three dimensions of the NGO Community – Number of Members, Geographical Reach, and Foreseeable Activity Lifetime (Longevity).

Number of Members and Geographical Reach: There is no central record of the global NGO Community size and geographic reach, but PIR’s own research including direct contact with NGO associations indicate in October 2011 that the community would be conservatively estimated at an order of magnitude in excess of 6.7 million[9], distributed approximately as follows across the U.N. recognized regions:
• Africa: 108,000
• Americas: 1,414,000
• Asia: 1,658,250
• Europe: 2,988,200
• Oceana: 604,000

Foreseeable Activity Lifetime (Longevity): The pursuits of the NGO Community are of a lasting and non-transient nature. The pursuits are broadly centered on improving the human condition, which is fundamental to human activity and will therefore continue indefinitely. The recognition of the NGO Community by governments and commercial organizations[10][11] combined with the spread of communications technology and increasing global social interaction will ensure that the NGO Community will continue long into the future.

Size (Context)
As the research bears out, the estimated 6.7 million members of the NGO Community are spread across the globe. Since 1945, the number of NGOs has increased dramatically with an explosion of NGOs in the developing world since the 1970s.[12] The size and reach of NGOs is also measurable in monetary terms. For example, in 1992 international NGOs channeled over $7.6 billion of aid to developing countries. Moreover, it is estimated that over 15 percent of total overseas development aid is channeled through NGOs.[13]

[1] ʺThe [International NGO] INGO Accountability Charter was first discussed at the International Advocacy Non-Government Organisations (IANGO) Workshop hosted by Transparency International in June 2003. On the 6th of June 2006, eleven leading INGOs held a press conference in order to publicly declare their adoption of the Charter and encourage other INGOs to join them in their commitment to good governance to set the standard for international NGOs. There are currently 25 INGOs and a large number of their national affiliates that are members of the Charter.ʺ Members include Amnesty International, Article 19, Care International, CIVICUS World Alliance for Citizen Participation, Consumer International, and Oxfam. From The Commitment of INGOs to Accountability
[2] The Rise and Fall of the Transnational Civil Society: the Evolution of International Civil Society Organizations since 1839, April 2008, pp.3-4, http:⁄⁄www.staff.city.ac.uk⁄tom.davies⁄CUWPTP003.pdf
[3] ibid, page 7
[4] www.un-documents.net⁄ch-10.htm
[5] ICANN Guidebook, Module 4, Criterion 1 Definitions
[6] Examples of NGO Associations for NGO collaboration include: NTEN, CIVICUS, CONGO, (global); CONCORD (regional); Computer Association of Nepal, APB Yatri Welfare Association (local)
[7] The Commission remains therefore committed to respect the following overarching principles in the management of NGO projects and programmes:The need to respect diversity and heterogeneity of the NGO community; The Commission and Non-Governmental Organizations: building a Stronger Partnership
http:⁄⁄ec.europa.eu⁄transparency⁄civil_society⁄ngo⁄docs⁄communication_en.pdf
[8] http:⁄⁄www.ngocongo.org⁄committees⁄
CONGO and its members collaborate with the larger community of NGOs through standing NGO committees, which follow issues that are of key substantive interest relative to their mandates and objectives
[9] PIR conducted primary research through direct contact with NGO Associations in 27 countries to establish a base level NGO population
[10] In NGO Impact Initiative: An Assessment by the International Humanitarian NGO Community Report commissioned by William Jefferson Clinton, www.dochas.ie⁄Pages⁄Resources⁄documents⁄NGO_Impact_Initiative.pdf
For those businesses willing to engage with the NGO community, how can they do so? The rise and role of NGOs in sustainable development
[11] http:⁄⁄unesdoc.unesco.org⁄images⁄0021⁄002112⁄211286e.pdf (Annex page 9)
“(ii) take all necessary steps to ensure the proper functioning and efficiency of the partnership between the community of NGO partners and UNESCO; (iii) ensure the appropriate exchange of information with the non-governmental community it represents and, in this connection, promote consultation among NGOs at all levels;” New Directives Concerning UNESCO’S Partnership with Non-Governmental Organizations
“And by we, I do not only mean the 47 members of the Council, but also all the other interested UN states who are active as observers and potential future Council members as well as the crucial community of NGO and National Human Rights Institutions which have a vital stake in how the Council will function.” The Human Rights Council: The Story So Far and Future Challenges Presentation by Ambassador Paul Meyer Permanent Mission of Canada in Geneva, Winnipeg, February 23, 2007
[12] Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Politics in the Developing World, Pol Std., Vol 46
[13] World Bank website ʺNongovernmental Organizations and Civil Society⁄Overview.ʺ referenced in library.duke.edu⁄research⁄subject⁄guides⁄ngo_guide⁄igo_ngo_coop⁄ngo_wb.html and www.un.org⁄ecosocdev⁄geninfo⁄afrec⁄subjindx⁄131ngo.htm