gTLD	Full Legal Name	E-mail suffix	Detail
.madrid	Comunidad de Madrid	madrid.org	View

The .MADRID TLD application is submitted by the Region of Madrid (Comunidad de Madrid), which is the Government of the region of Madrid region; analogous to the States in the Federal States of the USA) on behalf of, and for the Madrid community.

The following clauses (A), (B) and (C) describe the delineation of the Madrid community and corresponding policy principles of the .MADRID TLD.

(A) The Madrid community comprises individuals as citizens and legal entities with presence in the Region of Madrid. This territory comprises the 179 Municipalities, including the city of Madrid and its metropolitan area Madrid is the capital of Spain as established by art. 5 of the Spanish Constitution. A bona fide presence in the Madrid area may be determined by the following:

- residence in the Madrid area, or

- the pursuit of lawful business activities in the Madrid area, or

- the pursuit of cultural leisure, and sport activities in the Madrid area, or

- any other kind of direct or indirect presence that is generally accepted as legitimate for, and conducive to the welfare of, the Madrid area.

(B) Registration of domain names under the .MADRID TLD is restricted to members of the Madrid community and subject to the further requirement that the domain name registrant’s direct or indirect presence in the Madrid area and the registrant’s use of the domain name must be:

(1) of a kind that is generally accepted as legitimate and
(2) conducive to the welfare of the Madrid area and
(3) of commensurate quality to the role and importance of the respective domain name and
(4) based on good faith at the time of registration and thereafter.

(C) The government of the Region of Madrid, in relation to the requested .MADRID TLD, acts as the highest representative body for the Region of Madrid, as well as the representative of this community in dealings with other institutions of the Spanish state and its different administrative bodies, including the city of Madrid as state capital. In light of this, the full support of the Spanish Government has been obtained through the Secretary of State for Telecommunications, as well as for the Information Society and that of the city of Madrid, via its activities in the area of Economic Governance, Employment and Citizen Participation, with the common objective of establishing new channels for relationships based on good faith.



Answers to enumerated question points:

How the community is delineated from Internet users generally. Such descriptions may include, but are not limited to, the following: membership, registration, or licensing processes, operation in a particular industry, use of a language.

The Madrid community relates to the geographic area of the Region (Comunidad) of Madrid or the Madrid area, a described above. The Madrid area comprises the geographic urban areas of the city of Madrid. It is clearly recognizable by urban infrastructure, such as the local transport network in and around the City of Madrid. It also comprises 180 other municipalities of diverse size and character.

The delineation described under (A) above matches the reality of the Madrid community as it has existed since the advent of Madrid as a modern metropolis.

A Madrid community has existed for a long time. For as long as it has existed, those who belonged to it were those who had a bona fide presence in the urban area and its surroundings. With the advancement of civilization, new forms of presence (such as business or culture) have become generally accepted. A bona fide presence in the Madrid area may be direct or indirect, on the basis of domicile, activity, cultural links or any other constructive commitment to the Madrid area. It may be emanating from the area or be directed to the area.

Given the vast scope of a modern metropolitan community, and its surroundings, community membership always depends on context. This is why, for the purpose of domain registrations, the strength and quality of the registrant’s nexus must be commensurate to the role and importance of the domain name to the community.

In other words, a bona fide presence in the Madrid area (and thus community membership) is a necessary condition, NOT in itself a sufficient condition for the right to hold any imaginable .MADRID domain name. As the policy principles under (B) above description show, there are additional requirements specific to the intrinsic role and importance of the domain name in question. They concern in particular the nature of the registrant’s presence in the Madrid area and the registrant’s use of the domain name.

The wish to hold a .MADRID domain name is not in itself a sufficient indication of a bona fide presence in the Madrid area. Furthermore, if a person has been able to register a domain name in .MADRID, this does not in itself entitle that person to register any imaginable other .MADRID domain name.


How the community is structured and organized. For a community consisting of an alliance of groups, details about the constituent parts are required.

As any other modern metropolitan area, the Madrid community is organized to the highest degree. The Madrid area belongs to one single, highly integrated community. Because of if its importance and size, the community’s organization involves a number of public bodies and authorities on several levels (such as the Region, the Municipalities, and for the biggest among them, the Districts), treaties between public bodies, joint investments in public infrastructure companies, public-private partnerships, coordinated policies and legal frameworks that define the duties and prerogatives of each body. The public bodies are established by law and their representatives are democratically elected by universal suffrage. It goes without saying that private companies and cultural or welfare organizations also belong to the organization of the community.


When the community was established, including the date(s) of formal organization, if any, as well as a description of community activities to date.

The City of Madrid (and therefore the Greater Madrid Area) has existed as an organized community since Middle Age, having grown naturally over time. It has been the Court and then Capital of Spain since 1561.

The activities of the Madrid community are:
- the shared concerns and pursuits of the residents and stakeholders of the Madrid area (along with their organizations or public bodies)
- the shared use of the infrastructure and services of the Madrid area, such as transport, telecommunications, as well as culture, education, welfare and leisure,
- a strong focus for tourism, including leading role in cultural tourism (Madrid is the seat, for instance, of the World Tourism Organization).
- the role of the City of Madrid as capital of Spain.

The Madrid community includes extensive activities in the digital world specific to the Greater Madrid Community, both in the form of e-government services and public authorities’ contributions to the development of information society. The .MADRID TLD is designed to be directly related to the activities of the Madrid community, including fostering the use of electronic administration and promoting political and social participation.


The current estimated size of the community, both as to membership and geographic extent.

The population of the Madrid area is in the order of 7 million inhabitants. The geographic extension of the Madrid Region is at 8.021 square kilometers.

The Madrid Region comprises, beyond the City of Madrid, 179 Municipalities that can be found on www.madrid.org

gTLD	Full Legal Name	E-mail suffix	Detail
.taxi	Taxi Pay GmbH	taxi.eu	View

COMMUNITY DELIANATION
The community the applicant is committing to serve is the global taxi community, including its four main community groups: Firstly, the core taxi industry with taxi drivers, taxi offices, and individual taxi entrepreneurs, all of which can be clearly identified based on their taxi licenses, as well as a certificate of registration, i.e. a trade register excerpt. Secondly, the taxi community includes the members of the immediate surrounding industry, such as hardware and software suppliers, recruiting and training companies, auto shops, automotive suppliers, insurances and pertinent press all with a very strong if not exclusive focus on the just described core taxi industry. This particular community group is identified through trade register excerpts. Thirdly, the community includes superordinate organizations, such as governmental organizations, public authorities and institutions and committees with the purpose of establishing relevant policies for the core taxi industry, as well as non-governmental organizations with the purpose of advocating taxi-related issues towards the public sector, the general public and relevant taxi industry representatives on a municipal, regional, national and international level. This group verifies its affiliation to the taxi community through a written, official and verified statement by its superordinate authority or a certificate of a verified register of associations. Fourthly, the taxi community includes affiliated businesses, such as owners of trademarks with a special interest in the products and services of the core taxi industry, such as major places of public interest (i.e. hospitals) or major events of public interest (i.e. Oscar Academy Awards). All just described member groups of the taxi community cater to internet users in general, as the ladder represent a large percentage of potential clients. Hence, there is a clear delineation based on the verification through a certificate of registration or a similar written statement ultimately identifying members of the four groups as members of the taxi community, and excluding the general group of internet users from this very community based on the non-existence of such a certification. Anyone not being able to verify his⁄her affiliation to the community based such a certification cannot register a second level domain under the gTLD .taxi.

STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE TAXI COMMUNITY
Although the global taxi community fulfills all given criteria that define a community, a single and overarching constituent part does not yet exist. Every vaguely qualified community organization faces some restrictions that disqualify said entity to fulfill this role. That is, for example, because only a limited region or number of countries are represented. Another reason lies in the scope of the content of an organization’s coverage. For example, many organizations focus their advocacy endeavors on different means of transportation at once (i.e. public transportation, car hiring companies and taxis), making it increasingly harder to access information exclusively focused on the taxi community. Even worse, most organizations are intentionally limited to regional coverage only – furthering the gap in-between individual members of the community. In almost every country, a multitude of organizations and associations exists, each being divided by different regional interests and greatly varying membership numbers. Additionally, the taxi community is subdivided mostly in small companies in a very traditional environment most importantly based on personal relationships and offline networks characterized by long decision-making cycles and widely ramified hierarchy in its structures as well as operations. Nevertheless, a community like this should eventually establish an adhesive force that guarantees an overall communication and organization network. Hence, TaxiPay GmbH is aiming at representing the interests of all organizations and individuals belonging to direct or indirect taxi professions in order to encourage increasing collaboration within the community itself.

COMMUNITY ESTABLISHMENT
As mentioned before, the community is largely based on values like hierarchy and personal relationships. One reason for this is the traditional nature of the service itself, but also the age of the community itself. The taxi community has its roots in the 17th century, where sedan chairs were first used to publicly transport persons of interest from point A to point B in Paris, France (1617) and Berlin, Germany (1668). Even at the beginning of the personal transport business, the price was dependent on the time it took to transport a person to the desired place of interest, only using an hourglass instead as taximeter. With the progressing industrialization, the taxi industry was increasingly established to the point of the first electric hackney in Berlin in the years of 1900. Only seven years later, in 1907, the first organization to regulate the taxi business and foster the exchange amongst drivers, the “Verein der Kraftdroschkenbesitzer” (Association of Owners of electric Hackneys) was founded in Berlin.

SIZE OF COMMUNITY, MEMBERSHIP & GEOGRAPHIC EXTENT
Today, the taxi industry is one of the most developed industries in terms of availability of its services and its perception as a basic means of transport in the developed world. Though widespread, the taxi industry also proves to be one of the most fragmented industries in the world. Strictly speaking, a taxi is defined as a type of vehicle for hire with a driver, used by a single passenger or small group of passengers, often for a non-shared ride. This vehicle may very well be a middle class car, but can also be a horse carriage, bike, motorbike or even a pedicab, depending on the state of a country’s development. Thus, the actual current size of the taxi community can only be estimated. Due to the absence of a worldwide taxi organization, official numbers on the global size of the community do not exist, and are only partially existent for individual countries or regions. Therefore, TaxiPay GmbH has undertaken a calculative estimate on its own, and has verified the hypotheses and numbers with its immediate supporters (see question 20(f)). The basis for the calculation of the size of the community is the size of the world population, as announced by the United States Census Bureau in 2011, in the amount of approximately 7.005 billion people. Already taking into account differences between developed, emerging and developing countries, as well as urban and rural areas, TaxiPay GmbH believes that there is an average of 0.2 taxis per 1,000 world citizens. Concluding, there are about 1.5 million taxis worldwide. The geographical reach, as TaxiPay GmbH perceives it, spans as far as the word “taxi” can be understood or associated with the taxi industry itself. This includes all languages related to English, Spanish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese and Russian. It also includes all North, Middle and South American countries, all of the Anglo-Saxon and Francophone African continent, Europe including Russia as well as most Asian counties, especially countries with former bonds to the Commonwealth. Recent activities of the taxi community include the discussion on the level of centralized regulation of the various international taxi sectors, the preparation for the upcoming mobile revolution by developing smartphone applications for ordering and sharing taxis in large urban areas, as well as the initiative of increasing the percentage of green taxis operated on biofuel.