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18(b) How do you expect that your proposed gTLD will benefit registrants, Internet users, and others?

gTLDFull Legal NameE-mail suffixDetail
.incTop Level Domain Holdings Limitedgmail.comView
18b Benefits
18 (b)(i) Goal: Specialty, service level or reputation

The specialty of the .INC TLD will be that it will be open only to those which, at the time of registration and renewal, can prove that they are a registered Incorporated Company with a legal ending of “Inc.” in their name. No .INC domain names will resolve in the DNS until they have been validated against the registrant eligibility and name eligibility rules.

The service level of the .INC TLD will include publishing on its website all relevant policies and procedures, along with valid details of a primary contact (name, email and phone) for a person who can assist with any enquiries. In particular, details will be published of ways of escalating a response in an emergency, including providing an acknowledgement. In any assignment of the registry, we will include a warranty by an assignee that the .INC will operate under the same or similar conditions, so that the level of service is maintained.

The reputation which the .INC TLD will develop will be that every registration in the TLD will be by an authenticated and duly recognized incorporated entity, legitimately able to represent itself as an INC. The reputation will be that .INC registrants will be more identifiable, more traceable and more accountable than those using non-authenticated TLDs. This will provide a higher level of trust and safety for Internet users of this TLD. Further, the .INC registry will have a reputation for compliance with all relevant Internet technical standards, and with all ICANN-mandated policies.

18(b)(ii) Competition, differentiation, or innovation

The market for domain name registrations has grown at a tremendous pace. From 2000 to 2010 total domain name registrations increased from 40 million to 200 million. 2011 experienced approximately 9% growth, significantly higher than the previous year’s 6% growth, ending third quarter 2011 with approximately 220 million domain names registered. Approximately 60% of these are in gTLDs, the remaining 40% in ccTLDs. More specifically, gTLD growth was approximately 8% in 2011, while ccTLD growth exceeded 11%.

Existing TLDs, such as .COM and .NET, do not provide adequate solutions for many registrants. Domain names that relate to the registrants’ business, interests, or associations are often already registered, priced exorbitantly high, or are in TLDs that are unsuitable. Other options, such as ccTLDs, do not provide adequate alternatives as a registrant may not have an appropriate geographic relationship, and they may not meet the applicable criteria for gTLDs such as .MUSEUM or .AERO. Therefore, the best opportunity to pursue a relevant and useful domain name registration may be through a registration in a new gTLD that is distinctive of their business.

At present, there is no specific .INC domain name, or useful top-level alternative domain name, that exists for registrants that wish to identify themselves as Inc. companies nor for those people, organizations or businesses that are seeking legitimate Inc. companies in order to communicate or do business with them. Those desirous of a domain name that indicates some level of association with the business world could seek a second level domain name such as “INC.COM,” “INC.US” or “INC.NET,” but such domains (or similar names) are not readily available under the limited number of existing gTLDs, and--more importantly--only provide a secondary (at best) or weak (at worst) relationship between the domain name and the business world, which we believe is the primary goal of the registrant of such names.

Expanding the name space by the addition of this new gTLD will be an innovation that meets the needs of Inc.’s seeking a distinctive, authoritatively descriptive Internet presence. It will also aid those seeking INCs to find and rely on them, in a way that builds consumer confidence and trust.

We believe that the .INC top-level domain will add significantly to competition with and differentiation from legacy TLDs in the top-level domain space. Registrants are presently extremely limited in their choice of domain names that allow them to efficiently and effectively associate themselves with the business world. The availability of useful, effective, straight-forward domain names in existing top-level domains, such as .COM, .NET and .ORG, is now very low because of depletion. Such names may be for sale at prices that are out of reach for most. .INC will allow registrants to obtain useful, effective, straight-forward domain names rather than be forced to purchase, for example, their fifth, sixth or even later choice .COM or .NET name--which may well barely relate to the registrant’s purpose--or use of a domain name that may be confusingly similar with numerous other .COM or .NET domain names.

.INC will also create competition among registrants who want the same domain name in .INC. Many INCs have the same or very similar names - there is likely to be demand for a domain name that clearly, effectively and efficiently associates them with the business world for their domain name purposes as well as for those registrants who want to reach Internet users who identify with it.

.INC will also increase pricing competition in the top-level domain name space by assuring that .INC domain names are priced at levels that are appropriate to the vast majority of potential registrants to whom .INC is targeted.

.INC will promote competition among the Registrars, as they structure offerings to the many potential registrants in this gTLD.

Internet consumers benefit from the availability and use of .INC names, that make it easier for them to know that the owner of the second-level domain name is an authenticated INC.

.INC will significantly increase differentiation in the top-level domain space. Existing leading generic top-level domain names, such as .COM, .NET and .ORG no longer require and no longer represent any real differentiation in association, purpose or content. Newer top-level domains, such as .XXX, .AERO and .MUSEUM, do represent differentiation, but are either inappropriate or unavailable to most prospective registrants at whom .INC is targeted. .INC will further increase differentiation by allowing registrants to be associated with each other, and consumers to know that the registrant is an authenticated INC.

18(b)(iii) User Experience

.INC will provide a top-level domain name that allows Internet users to easily recognize that the registrant is an authenticated Inc., which will help to diminish customer confusion and deceptive trade practices, thereby building trust in the TLD specifically and in Internet commerce generally.

Applicants and registrants will have a user experience of the .INC Registry that is characterized by:
(i) Clearly delineated rules, that are
(ii) Published well in advance; with
(iii) Adequate safeguards for the rights of applicants and registrants; including
(iv) Expeditious and cost effective challenge procedures in the event of disputes.


18(b)(iv) Intended Registration Policies

Because of the history of its use, and the legislative protection available to it in many jurisdictions, “Inc.” is an abbreviation with consumer trust implications. We are grateful to adopt the applicable recommendations of the Security Standards Working Group,(“SSWG”) which developed a set of registry security standards, in conjunction with the development of ICANN’s Applicant Guidebook. Although developed for finance-related gTLD strings, many of the safeguards proposed in that context are adopted and will be operated by the .INC Registry. More particularly, the INC registry will adopt and implement the following Standards set out in Appendix B to the letter sent by BITS to ICANN referenced in Question 30 in the Guidebook, namely Standards 1,2,3,4,5,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,24,and 27.

As a result of the application of these standards, there will be pre-verification of registrants, who will be required to be registered in a legislatively-established or authorized registry of INCs. Electronic interfaces with official online Companies Offices or other trusted repositories to speed the registration process will be developed. Proxy registrations will not be permitted.

We have crafted a draft framework for registration of .INC domains that support the goals and benefits set forth above. Our draft registration framework is based on advice from ICANN, WIPO, applicable laws, and a variety of other expert sources. Specifically, the .INC draft framework includes these interrelated sets of agreements setting forth our policies and regulations, all of which registrants must agree to be bound by:

- The Registrant Agreement, which registrars contracted with the .INC Registry must present to registrants. This is a collateral agreement to the Registry-Registrar Agreement (detailed below), and will bind registrants to .INC’s Acceptable Use Policy (as detailed below), .INC’s Privacy & Whois Policy (detailed below), ICANN-mandated rights protection mechanisms (including the Universal Dispute Resolution Policy (“UDRP”), and the Complaint Resolution Service. It sets out the names that may be registered, and defines the eligibility conditions for their registration;

- The Acceptable Use Policy (“AUP”), which details the proper use of domain names that end in .INC, which is incorporated by reference in the Registrant Agreement that registrants must agree to. It explicitly defines for Registrars and registrants what constitutes abusive conduct including, but not limited to, malicious, negligent, and reckless behavior. The defined permissible frequency and the course of action in cases of repeated violations are provided;

- The Privacy and Whois Policy, which describes how a registrant’s personal data is to be used, which is also incorporated by reference in the Registrant Agreement;

- The Registry-Registrar Agreement, which is the contract between .INC and its ICANN-accredited registrars, which sets forth, inter alia, the duties and obligations of the registrar with respect to .INC registrants and the .INC registry. This requires the registrars to publish registration requirements on their websites, along with valid details of a primary contact (name, email and phone) for a person who can assist with any enquiries. In particular, details will be published of ways of escalating a response in an emergency, including providing an acknowledgement. The Agreement also provides that Registrar access to all Registry systems must be mutually authenticated via transport layer security and secured with multi-factor authentication, NIST Level 3 or better. Under this Agreement, Registry and registrars must mutually notify each other of any investigation by ICANN or Law Enforcement agencies into aspects of their compliance- registrars with significant compliance infractions will lose their accreditation. The circumstance where no notice of such an investigation will be given is also included; and

- The Naming Policy, which sets out .INC’s policies governing prohibited, blocked or reserved domain names, defines the names eligible for registration, and defines the conditions for amending those policies and definitions.

These agreements and policies are designed to ensure transparent and non-discriminatory policies for the registration of .INC names; fair and competitive pricing; protection of personal data and privacy; adherence by registrars and registrants to the AUP; protection of trademarks, the names of natural and legal persons and other property rights; prevention of the registration of illegal terms; and the prevention of violations of the law. Moreover, our policies promote competition among registrars, combat abuse of the DNS, address cybercrime, protect intellectual property rights, and align the .INC top-level domain with applicable regulatory and legislative environments and Internet registry best practices.

These policies will effectively support the key mission, purposes and goals of the .INC top-level domain, while at the same time protecting third-party rights and preventing abuse.

18(b)(v) Protecting the privacy or confidential information of registrants or users

We will comply with all applicable ICANN rules on protecting registrant privacy and confidential information, including Whois policies, and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. Registrant privacy and use of confidential information are set forth in our Privacy & Whois Policy. Information concerning updates and changes to the Privacy & Whois Policy will be promptly and prominently displayed on the .INC web site.

.INC’s back-end registry services provider will also be required to employ industry-standard procedures to prevent the unauthorized or illegal access of registrant privacy or confidential information.

With respect to users, .INC’s Registration Agreement will require that all registrants comply with any and all applicable laws, rules or regulations concerning user privacy and confidential information for applicable jurisdictions; failure to do so may result in suspension or loss of their .INC name and may, in addition, result in legal actions by appropriate authorities.

18(b)(vi) Outreach and Communication
Outreach and communication will be important to achieving our projected benefits of increased competition and differentiation in domain names, and as an instantly and easily recognized identifier of status as an INC. Through outreach and communication, we will be able to educate the Internet community and general public that .INC is an restricted TLD where registrants are authenticated and are therefore legitimate corporate entities.
.INC will maintain an active website, providing comprehensive information about
the company, its policies and personnel, .INC registry policies and practices,
and registrar information, with an FAQ for intending applicants, registrants,
law-enforcement offices, governments and others seeking information about .INC.

In relation to each phase of registration discussed above, .INC will provide updated and timely releases on the website, and occasionally if the situation requires it, through additional media.

As a result, intending applicants, registrants, users and others will be able to appreciate the conditions under which .INC registrations are to be offered and used, and how the various possible disputes are to be handled.

These mechanisms will enhance the user experience, and assist compliance with
.INC policies.

We believe this will be of substantial benefit to the Internet user community in generally--and INCs specifically--as it will allow them to more easily and more readily understand the purpose or motives of the registrant’s website or email, allowing for better, more efficient and more effective use of their time online.

For the reasons set forth above, a .INC domain will be in the public interest; it will serve as a catalyst to promoting INCs; and it will benefit the business world.

18c Rules for Eliminating or Minimizing Social Costs

We plan to minimize social costs primarily through clearly written, widely disseminated, and easy-to-understand policies. There is a full description of most of those policies in our answer 18(b)(iv) above.

We will implement the SSWG Standards as noted above. We are dedicated to protection of third-party rights and prevention of abusive uses of the .INC domain name. We intend to achieve this goal by crafting our Naming Policy,
Acceptable Use Policy, and other policies to be readily understandable and easily accessible, and by making sure that our mechanisms for enforcing rights and preventing abuse (such as our Complaint Resolution Service) operate effectively, efficiently, and fairly. In addition, we will ensure that they work in with other ICANN-mandated rights protection mechanisms such as the UDRP.

Our Acceptable Use Policy clearly delineates unacceptable behavior and prohibited content by registrants using domain names in the .INC TLD, balancing the right of free speech with Intellectual Property rights, privacy and other rights. We will actively promote and enforce our Acceptable Use and Abuse Prevention policies and procedures, which we believe will effectively combat improper or unlawful unprotected speech and online conduct.
gTLDFull Legal NameE-mail suffixDetail
.BIBLEAmerican Bible Societygmail.comView
The goal of the .BIBLE top-level domain is to establish itself as the recognized choice for registrants who want to market and promote themselves and their websites to, and reach, the Internet-using community, for ministry, business, personal or any other purpose, through a positive association with the Bible; and, as the recognized top level domain name for Internet consumers to know which people, businesses, information sources or other online resources associate themselves with the Bible.
This applicant, like most organizations, takes its good reputation seriously. For nearly 200 years, we have provided the Bible for exploration, supporting free speech rights across a full range of faith traditions. Accordingly, we are fully cognizant that artistic, political, economic and social issues, all of which can be associated with the Bible, often provoke heated debate and are at times controversial. We believe that such expressions of opinion are important to the success of the .BIBLE, and that stifling them would be more harmful than good to .BIBLE’s reputation, ministry, and business success. That being said, to protect .BIBLE’s reputation and the associational benefits it offers registrants and Internet consumers, we will actively promote and enforce our Acceptable Use and Abuse Prevention policies and procedures, which we believe will effectively combat improper or unlawful unprotected speech and online conduct. We believe that these mechanisms will be effective in assuring the reputation of the .BIBLE top level domain, its registrants, and Internet Users, as well as the public.
The .BIBLE top-level domain will be marketed to registrants who want to associate themselves, their products, services, thoughts, ideas or anything else in a positive way with the Bible. Therefore we believe that the great majority of registrants who apply for a .BIBLE domain name will do so because of its association with the Bible and because they want to reach those who do. In these ways, the .BIBLE top-level domain will bring a special association with the Bible to the top-level domain name space.
We believe that the .BIBLE top-level domain will add significantly to competition and differentiation in the top-level domain space, both for registrants and Internet consumers. With respect to competition, registrants are presently extremely limited in their choice of domain names that allow them to efficiently and effectively associate themselves with the Bible. The availability of useful, effective, straight-forward domain names on existing top-level domains, such as .com, .net and .org, are few and far between, or may be for sale at prices that are out of reach for most. .BIBLE will allow registrants to obtain useful, effective, straight-forward domain names rather than be forced to purchase, for example, their fifth, sixth or even later choice .com or .net name, which may well barely relate to the registrant’s purpose or use of the domain name and⁄or may be confusingly similar with numerous other .com or .net domain names. In addition, some existing generic top-level domain names, though newer, such as .xxx, may be inappropriate for most registrants for content associational reasons, while country-code top-level domains, though numerous, are not useful or appropriate for many registrants for geographical associational reasons. Thus, .BIBLE will increase competition for registrants who want a domain name that clearly, effectively and efficiently associates them with the Bible for their domain name purposes as well as for those registrants who want to reach Internet users who identify with the Bible.
.BIBLE registrants will also be encouraged to track their own efforts and progress using proven and well established Bible engagement assessment criteria. This data will allow us to quantify the impact of the .BIBLE TLD.
.BIBLE will also increase competition in the top-level domain name space by assuring that .BIBLE domain names are priced at levels that are appropriate to the vast majority of potential registrants to whom .BIBLE is targeted.
Internet consumers also benefit from this increase in competition, as less confusing and clearly associated .BIBLE domain names will make it easier for them to know that the owner of the second-level domain name seeks to positively associate with the Bible.
Likewise, .BIBLE will significantly help increase differentiation in the top level domain space. Existing leading generic top level domains names, such as .com, .net and .org no longer require and no longer represent any real differentiation in association, purpose or content. Newer top level domains, such as .xxx, .aero and .museum, do represent differentiation, but are either inappropriate or unavailable to most prospective registrants at whom .BIBLE is targeted. .BIBLE will further increase differentiation by allowing registrants to be associated, and consumers to know that the registrant seeks to associate with the Bible.
In terms of user experience, a goal of .BIBLE is to provide users with a top-level domain name that easily allows them to recognize that the registrant seeks to have its second-level domain name (and content) associated with the Bible. We believe this will be of substantial benefit to the Internet user community, as it will allow them to more easily and more readily understand the purpose or motives of the registrant’s website or email, allowing for better, more efficient and more effective use of their time online.
Another goal of .BIBLE in terms of user experience is to protect third-party rights as well as to prevent abusive uses of a .BIBLE domain name. We intend to achieve this goal by crafting our Naming Policy, Acceptable Use Policy, and other policies to be readily understandable and easily accessible, and by making sure that our mechanisms for enforcing rights and preventing abuse (such as our Complaint Resolution Service) operate effectively, efficiently, and fairly, as well as by ensuring that they work symbiotically with other ICANN-mandated rights protection mechanisms such as the UDRP.
We have crafted a draft framework for registration of .BIBLE domains that fully support the goals, mission and purposes set forth above. Our draft registration framework is based on advice from ICANN, WIPO, applicable laws, and a variety of other expert sources. Specifically, the .BIBLE draft framework includes these interrelated sets of agreements setting forth our policies and regulations, all of which registrants must agree to be bound by:
• The Registrant Agreement, which registrars contracted with .BIBLE must present to registrants. This is a collateral agreement to the Registrar Registry Agreement (detailed below), and will bind registrants to .BIBLE’s Acceptable Use Policy (as detailed below), .BIBLE’s Privacy & Whois Policy (detailed below), ICANN-mandated rights protection mechanisms (including the Universal Dispute Resolution Policy (“UDRP”), and the Complaint Resolution Service;
• The Acceptable Use Policy (“AUP”), which details the proper use of domain names that end in .BIBLE, which is incorporated by reference in the Registrant Agreement that registrants must agree to;
• The Privacy and Whois Policy, which describes how a registrant’s personal data is to be used, which is also incorporated by reference in the Registrant Agreement;
• The Registrar-Registry Agreement, which is the contract between .BIBLE and its ICANN-accredited registrars which sets forth, inter alia, the duties and obligations of the registrar with respect to .BIBLE registrants and the .BIBLE registry; and
• The Naming Policy, which sets out .BIBLE’s policies governing prohibited, blocked or reserved domain names.
These agreements and policies are designed to ensure transparent policies for the registration of .BIBLE names; fair and competitive pricing; protection of personal data and privacy; adherence by registrars and registrants to the AUP; protection of trademarks, the names of natural and juristic persons and other property rights; prevention of the registration of illegal terms; and the prevention violations of the law. Moreover, our policies are intended to promote competition among registrars, combat abuse of the DNS, address cybercrime, protect intellectual property rights, and align the .BIBLE top-level domain with applicable regulatory and legislative environments and Internet registry best practices.
These policies will effectively support the key mission, purposes and goals of the .BIBLE top-level domain, which is to allow registrants who want to positively associate themselves with the Bible, while at the same time protecting third-party rights and preventing abuse.
With respect to protecting registrant privacy and confidential information, we will comply with applicable ICANN rules, including Whois policies, and all applicable laws, rules and regulations of appropriate jurisdictions. Registrant privacy and use of confidential information are set forth in our Privacy & Whois Policy. Information concerning updates and changes to the Privacy & Whois Policy will be promptly and prominently displayed on the .BIBLE web site.
.BIBLE’s back-end registry services provider will also be required to employ industry standard procedures to prevent the unauthorized or illegal access of registrant privacy or confidential information.
With respect to users, .BIBLE’s Registration Agreement will require that all registrants must comply with any and all applicable laws, rules or regulations concerning user privacy and confidential information for applicable jurisdictions, and that failure to do so may result in suspension or loss of their .BIBLE name, and may in addition result in legal actions by appropriate authorities.
Outreach and communications to targeted potential registrants will be important to .BIBLE achieving its projected benefits by allowing it to cost-effectively and quickly market to the most likely potential registrants, and to promote the ways in which .BIBLE will allow them to associate themselves with the Bible, and how their association with .BIBLE helps further their interest and that of the greater Bible community. To achieve this outreach, we intend to leverage our existing relationships by engaging in advertising and other promotional methods of reaching potential registrants. .BIBLE believes that outreach to people and organizations that already identify with the Bible give it the best chance of launching the top-level domain as strongly as possible, giving it the best chance of long-term viability, and thus the best chance of providing its projected benefits to registrants of a positive association with the Bible, while at the same time promoting the Bible.
Targeted communications will help .BIBLE keep in touch with its registrants, to understand how they would like to see .BIBLE develop, and to understand how we can improve our policies, registration rules, or other aspects of our operations or administration.